What long-term complications can arise if angina is left untreated?

When angina is left untreated, the underlying causes, such as coronary artery disease, can progressively worsen. Over time, inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries can lead to severe complications. One of the most significant outcomes is myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. This occurs when a portion of the heart muscle is damaged or dies due to prolonged lack of oxygen. Additionally, untreated angina can also result in heart failure, where the heart becomes less effective at pumping blood, leading to potential fluid buildup and other systemic issues.

These complications stem from the continued strain on the heart as it struggles to compensate for insufficient oxygen, ultimately resulting in significant cardiovascular events that can have serious health repercussions. Thus, managing angina is crucial not only to alleviate symptoms but also to prevent more serious conditions like heart attacks and heart failure.